Smolny National Park is in the northeastern corner of Mordovia in the east of the East European Plain of Russia. The park has a representative lowland river environment, with a slow current. The lakes and swamps are mainly concentrated in the floodplain of the Alatyr River. Marshes are mainly lowland. A few bogs are located in the southern and central parts of the park, and there are many springs. The park was created to protect the deciduous forest and representative wetlands of Mordovia. The habitat also creates a refuge for birds of international importance. It is situated in the Ichalkovsky District and Bolsheignatovsky District of the Republic.