Basque town which was the site of the first airborne bombing attack on a civilian town during the Spanish civil war. The bombing, by the Condor Legion of Germany's Luftwaffe in 1937, inspired Picasso to paint the landmark cubist work Guernica, now on display at the Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid.
Guernica (Basque: Gernika) is also the traditional seat of the Basque people's liberties, where the juntas generales (the parliament), established in the 15th century, would assemble under the shadow of an oak tree in the town. The tree, commonly called "The Tree of Guernica" (Basque: Gernikako arbola), symbolises the Basque people's historic and traditional rights (Spanish: fueros), and is represented on both Guernica's and Vizcaya's coat of arms.
Although the airborne bombing destroyed much of Guernica's old town, several parts were spared and many were rebuilt. Today, Guernica is a thriving commercial town with several museums. Because of its history, it has also become an important symbol of Basque culture and identity.
- Gernika Peace Museum Foundation, Plaza de los Fueros 1 (in square opposite tourist office, +34 94 627 1213. Tu-Sa: 10.00-14.00 and 16.00-19.00, Sun: 10.00-14.00 (Jul-Aug Tu-Sa 10.00-19.00. A thematic museum inspired by the 1937 bombing. It examines the nature of peace, the legacy of the Gernika bombing and peace in the modern world.
- Euskal Herria Museum, c/Allendesalazar 5, Gernika-Lumo, +34 94 625 5451. Tues-Sat: 10.00-14.00 and 16.00-19.00, Sun: 11.00-15.00, Public holidays: 11.00-14.00 and 16.00-20.00, closed Mon. Housed in a Baroque mansion dating from 1733, the museum gives a broad overview of the historical, social and cultural significance of the Basque charter of rights, a background to the region, and some insight into Basque culture represented in visual arts, music, dance and sport. Adults €3, children/students €1.50.
- Park of the Peoples of Europe (Spanish: Parque de los Pueblos de Europa) with sculptures by Henry Moore and Basque artist Eduardo Chillida
- Assembly House and the Tree (Basque: Batzarretxea eta Arbola, Spanish: Arbol y Casa de Juntas)
- Udetxea Palace, Allendesalazar etorb. (in Park of the Peoples of Europe, +34 94 625 7125. M-Th: 09.00-13.00 and 15.00-17.00, Fri: 09.00-14.30, (June-Sept M-F 09.00-14.30). The palace houses the official headquarters of the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve, designated by Unesco in 1984. The reserve is a protected area where there is a commitment to sustainable development. Free.
Gernika Peace Museum Foundation, Plaza de los Fueros 1 (in square opposite tourist office, +34 94 627 1213. Tu-Sa: 10.00-14.00 and 16.00-19.00, Sun: 10.00-14.00 (Jul-Aug Tu-Sa 10.00-19.00. A thematic museum inspired by the 1937 bombing. It examines the nature of peace, the legacy of the Gernika bombing and peace in the modern world.
Euskal Herria Museum, c/Allendesalazar 5, Gernika-Lumo, +34 94 625 5451. Tues-Sat: 10.00-14.00 and 16.00-19.00, Sun: 11.00-15.00, Public holidays: 11.00-14.00 and 16.00-20.00, closed Mon. Housed in a Baroque mansion dating from 1733, the museum gives a broad overview of the historical, social and cultural significance of the Basque charter of rights, a background to the region, and some insight into Basque culture represented in visual arts, music, dance and sport. Adults €3, children/students €1.50.
Park of the Peoples of Europe (Spanish: Parque de los Pueblos de Europa) with sculptures by Henry Moore and Basque artist Eduardo Chillida
Assembly House and the Tree (Basque: Batzarretxea eta Arbola, Spanish: Arbol y Casa de Juntas)
Udetxea Palace, Allendesalazar etorb. (in Park of the Peoples of Europe, +34 94 625 7125. M-Th: 09.00-13.00 and 15.00-17.00, Fri: 09.00-14.30, (June-Sept M-F 09.00-14.30). The palace houses the official headquarters of the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve, designated by Unesco in 1984. The reserve is a protected area where there is a commitment to sustainable development. Free.
There is a Henry Moore sculpture 'Great Figure in a Shelter' in a small park behind the Picasso Guernica ceramic.
Guernica is in easy reach of Bilbao, the provincial capital of Vizcaya, and also has train and bus connections to San Sebastian, and the coastal resort of Bermeo, 14km to the north.
The picturesque fishing village of Elantxobe, perched at the foot of sheer cliffs, is another short bus ride away, and as a bonus, you can watch the bus being spun around on a turntable before it can make its journey back up the narrow cliff-face road.