Hoge Veluwe National Park (Dutch: Hoge Veluwe Nationaal Park) is a national park in the Gelderland province of the Netherlands. With an area of roughly 55 km² it is one of the largest national parks in the country and a popular short-stay tourist destination for the Dutch. The park is north of Arnhem and east of Ede, and is praised for its natural beauty, diverse wildlife and the Kröller Müller museum for modern arts.
Hoge Veluwe National Park is part of a much larger natural area called the Veluwe (1,100 km²). Tourism plays a major role in the whole of the Veluwe and is the most important source of income for the area. With hundreds of lodging options, many restaurants and a lot of sports activities, the region is extremely well equipped to cater to the traveller’s needs. The Hoge Veluwe National Park has a few options for eating and sleeping, but can get crowded, especially during summer and on weekends or other school holidays if the weather is good for hiking and biking. The park is maintained by a non-profit foundation and it's the only part of the Veluwe for which an entry fee is required.
The Veluwe as a whole was formed some 150,000 years ago, when thick glaciers pushed sands from the Meuse and Rhine delta aside, thereby creating the hills that are now characteristic for the area. The sandy structure of the hills causes rain water to soak in quickly, only to emerge on the surface again many metres below, where it forms streams and small lakes in the "valleys" and flat lands.
Efforts have been undertaken to restore the richly vegetated and game filled wetlands that used to surround the area but have been laid dry over the past 150 years to create better farmlands.
The Hoge Veluwe National Park was established by the wealthy businessman Anton Kröller and his wife, Helene Kröller-Müller, who was an art collector. Anton Kruller bought the estate in 1909 and started the construction of the current park by placing fences, building a hunting estate (the design for which was made by famous Dutch architect Berlage) and releasing additional game into the wild. The exotic moeflons that can still be seen today were introduced in this period. The construction of the park lasted until 1923.
The Veluwe is famous for its diversity in natural landscapes and (for Dutch standards) partly rolling landscapes. Although most of the land is flat, it has subtle variations in small areas, with the highest point at 110 m. It's a forest-rich area, but there are large heaths, streams and small lakes as well. In the desert patches you'll find sand drifts that are among the largest ones in Europe.
The park is mostly covered by pristine vegetation, most of which consists of various conifers, shrub and grassland with a large variation of flowers. A good number of rare plants are found here as well as introduced exotic plants like American Oaks. When it comes to wildlife, there is, by Dutch standards, a broad variety of larger mammals. Commonly sighted are deer, roes, mouflon wild sheep and wild boar. Bird watchers will be pleased with their diversity and the park is home to lots of rabbits, foxes, badgers and other small mammals.
In order to maintain a naturally sustainable population in this fenced environment, a controlled annual hunt is a normal practice.
Entrance costs €9.30 for adults and €4.65 for kids (6-12 years old) and comes with free use of bicycles all over the park, which are a must-use should you wish to explore as much of the park as possible within a day. It is recommended that you don't bring a car into the park, but doing so isn't forbidden and possible for a fee of €6.60, while parking at one of the parkings at the park entrances costs half of that (€3.30).
Should you wish to also visit the Kröller-Müller museum, then you can combine your tickets into one, buying entry to both the park and the museum for €18.60 for adults and €5 for kids between the ages of six and twelve.
As the fenced park lies quite centrally in the natural areas of the Veluwe, bikers and hikers will sometimes have to either enter the park or make serious detours. To accommodate their needs, a reduced fee is available for those who only want to pass through the park.
Besides the exciting landscape, visitors are advised to visit the collections of paintings and sculptures of the famous Kröller-Müller Museum, and the St. Hubert Hunting Lodge (Jachthuis St. Hubertus) in the northern part of the park.
- Kröller-Müller Museum, Houtkampweg 6, Otterlo ((From Arnhem CS or Barneveld), +31 318 59 12 41. 10:00-17:00. Excellent museum with the second largest collection of paintings by Van Gogh after the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Many other master works too, including by Picasso, Seurat and Mondrian. €3.50 (in addition to park fee).
- St. Hubert Hunting Lodge, North side of the park. This hunting house was designed for the Kröller-Müller couple in 1914, who later used the place to receive guests. Although architect Hendrik Petrus Berlage at first had a carte blanc to design the place after his own ideas, the wealthy couple increasingly interfered in the process of design and building. Berlage, who could not appreciate that strong interference, eventually resigned and his work was continued by Henry Van De Velde. The house is named after Saint Hubertus, the patron saint of hunting, and is shaped to roughly resemble a deer's antlers. According to legend, it was the sight of a crucifix between the antlers of a deer that Hubertus was about to shoot, that brought him to choose a religious life. Make sure to be on time during high season. Visits are only possible when you take a guided tour, for which limited places are available. €3.
- Museonder. 09:30-17:00 (18:00 in summer). This underground museum provides a view inside the soils, including complex tree root systems, underground water runs and remains of now extinct wildlife. The entrance is included in the park's entrance fee.
Kröller-Müller Museum, Houtkampweg 6, Otterlo ((From Arnhem CS or Barneveld), +31 318 59 12 41. 10:00-17:00. Excellent museum with the second largest collection of paintings by Van Gogh after the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Many other master works too, including by Picasso, Seurat and [[De Stijl|Mondrian]]. €3.50 (in addition to park fee).
St. Hubert Hunting Lodge, North side of the park. This hunting house was designed for the Kröller-Müller couple in 1914, who later used the place to receive guests. Although architect Hendrik Petrus Berlage at first had a carte blanc to design the place after his own ideas, the wealthy couple increasingly interfered in the process of design and building. Berlage, who could not appreciate that strong interference, eventually resigned and his work was continued by Henry Van De Velde. The house is named after Saint Hubertus, the patron saint of hunting, and is shaped to roughly resemble a deer's antlers. According to legend, it was the sight of a crucifix between the antlers of a deer that Hubertus was about to shoot, that brought him to choose a religious life. Make sure to be on time during high season. Visits are only possible when you take a guided tour, for which limited places are available. €3.
Museonder. 09:30-17:00 (18:00 in summer). This underground museum provides a view inside the soils, including complex tree root systems, underground water runs and remains of now extinct wildlife. The entrance is included in the park's entrance fee.
There is a visitors' centre (Bezoekerscentrum Museonder) near the Museum with a fine display of the local flora and fauna, the water systems of the park and other information, food stalls and playgrounds for children.
Hiking is very popular. A number of marked routes are available, with different lengths starting from 3.5 km. All are designed to maximise specific experiences, such as sighting game, panoramic views or seeing the goldcrests and migration of toads. Furthermore, there are four theme-based routes for which leaflets with information can be obtained from the visitors centre for €1. Other possibilities are guided walks with a nature guide (book well ahead) or GPS-routes (€10 for half a day), all starting at the visitors centre. Reservations for a guide or GPS can be made well in advance via reserveringen@hogeveluwe.nl.
The visitors centre houses a shop where you'll find honey from the park's bee population, a range of local products, park souvenirs, books, sweets, wooden toys and cloths. The Kröller-Müller museum has a museum shop, with relevant books, CDs, and other museum and art-related products.
There are a few options for lunch, snacks and drinks in the park. However, you'll have to take dinner elsewhere as these places close in the late afternoon.
- Restaurant Monsieur Jacques, +31 318 - 59 16 57. Tu-Su 10:00-16:30, open holiday Mondays. You can only access this restaurant with a valid museum entrance ticket (which costs €3). You take your own food from the counter, where you also pay. There's a good range of sweet pastries to go with your coffee break, but the menu also offers baguettes, soups, salads and some other small lunch dishes. Sandwiches from €4.
- De Koperen Kop, Houtkampweg 9b (opposite the visitors centre, +31 318 591-289. 09:00-17:00 in summer, 10:00-17:00 in winter. This self-service restaurant offers a good range of hot and cold lunch dishes, including pancakes, fish and meat dishes, salads etc. There's also a fine range of sweet pastries and snacks. Many visitors use this restaurant as a starting place for a visit to the park, as it offers ample parking place. There's also a playground for children. From €4 for soup to €15 for rib roast.
Restaurant Monsieur Jacques, +31 318 - 59 16 57. Tu-Su 10:00-16:30, open holiday Mondays. You can only access this restaurant with a valid museum entrance ticket (which costs €3). You take your own food from the counter, where you also pay. There's a good range of sweet pastries to go with your coffee break, but the menu also offers baguettes, soups, salads and some other small lunch dishes. Sandwiches from €4.
De Koperen Kop, Houtkampweg 9b (opposite the visitors centre, +31 318 591-289. 09:00-17:00 in summer, 10:00-17:00 in winter. This self-service restaurant offers a good range of hot and cold lunch dishes, including pancakes, fish and meat dishes, salads etc. There's also a fine range of sweet pastries and snacks. Many visitors use this restaurant as a starting place for a visit to the park, as it offers ample parking place. There's also a playground for children. From €4 for soup to €15 for rib roast.
Do not approach wild boar, since they can be aggressive towards humans when they have piglets.
Nearby destinations include:
- Arnhem
- Ede
- Apeldoorn
- Barneveld
- Wageningen