Iznik

İznik (pop.~22,000) is a historic town in Eastern Marmara, on the eastern shore of Lake İznik (ancient Ascanius); east of Bursa.

İznik, or Nicaea (Latin)/Nikaia (Greek) as known in ancient times, was the site of the first and seventh ecumenical councils of Christianity (i.e. First and Second Councils of Nicaea), convened in 325 and 787 respectively. Later it served as the capital city of Sultanate of Rum, first Turkic state established in Asia Minor. After the Crusaders of Fourth Crusade captured Constantinople and established Latin Empire in 1204, it also served as the capital of Empire of Nicaea, a rump Byzantine state, for more than 60 years. Despite maintaining some traces of its past, the town today has a somewhat provincial feel to it, and is far from the importance it possessed in history.

İznik is still mostly surrounded by ancient walls with four major gates roughly corresponding to the cardinal directions. They are named after the major town the road exiting through the gate in question leads to. In clockwise order, they are (starting from north): Istanbul Gate (İstanbul Kapı), Lefke Gate (Lefke Kapı), Yenişehir Gate (Yenişehir Kapı), and Lake Gate (Göl Kapı), providing access to the lake shore, not a town. All are roughly the same distance away from town square, which is the intersection of the two major streets of the town: Atatürk Caddesi (north-south, between Istanbul and Yenişehir Gates) and Kılıçaslan Caddesi (east-west, between Lefke and Lake Gates).

İznik is also famous for its tiles (çini), though much less so than in the past.

• Tourism Information Office, Atatürk Caddesi (very near the town square; next to Hagia Sophia, +90 224 757 19 33. This official information office provides free brochures (which include a map) of the town.

Tourism Information Office, Atatürk Caddesi (very near the town square; next to Hagia Sophia, +90 224 757 19 33. This official information office provides free brochures (which include a map) of the town.

• Hagia Sophia. While much smaller than the cathedral of the same name in Istanbul, this rectangular, red brick building built in typical Byzantine style, holds as much historical importance, if not more, as it’s the site of the seventh ecumenical council of Christianity (i.e. Second Council of Nicaea, in 787). Located in a pleasant small park, the edifice was converted to a mosque in the early days of Ottoman Empire, and after suffering from a fire during the turmoil of the 1920s, the place laid in a semi-ruinous state for more than eight decades. After the long-awaited restoration finally finished, it has been silently re-dedicated as a mosque by the current Islamist government in 2011, much to the dismay of architectural conservationists, tourism professionals, and many others, who hoped to see it turned into a museum in the fashion of Istanbul's Hagia Sophia. Free.
• Green Mosque. Built in early 14th century, this mosque with its impressive minaret (tower) covered with green-turquoise-blue mosaics and tiles (that’s where the name of the mosque comes from) looks more like earlier Seljuk edifices rather than Ottoman mosques.
• Museum, +90 (224) 220 99 26. As of May 2017 closed to visitors because of restoration works.. Housed inside Nilüfer Hatun imaret (a social security instution of the past which provided free food for the poor), built in 14th century. There are also some marble sarcographi, columns, and columnheads dating back to Roman and Byzantine times in its yard. 3 TL.
• Esrefzade Mosque, Kılıçaslan Caddesi (in a side alley on the left side of the street when walking towards Lefke Gate from town square; not far from Green Mosque, only a couple streets in between. A neighbourhood mosque built in 2007 with an ancient minaret (tower; when it was constructed is not exactly known, but likely 16th century) decorated with green tiles, in a similar fashion with the one of the Green Mosque, except that the tiles of this one are far less showy than those of the Green Mosque. So, if you have just started your trip around the town and come across with this one first, don’t be disappointed and confuse it with Green Mosque.
• City Walls. The town is still mostly enclosed by ancient walls, if partially a bit weary. You can also come across with some slowly crumbling towers here and there. Istanbul Gate (northern gate) and Lefke Gate (the eastern one) are more or less still completely intact and are quite beautiful. Just outside the Lefke Gate is an ancient aqueduct running for some hundreds of metres and eventually disappearing in the fields out of town.
• Candarlioglu Mosque. A small mosque built in 1996. An ordinary building with nothing fascinating except that it’s mostly coated with blue/green tiles all over its exterior walls, making a quite pleasant sight. It’s directly on the street and a bit hidden from view by the surrounding multi-story buildings on both sides, so for not passing-by without noticing it, watch the left side of the street while walking.
• Roman Amphitheatre. It's not open to the public as it is being excavated. The ruins can be seen partly from the road, and will be impressive when opened.

Hagia Sophia. While much smaller than [[Istanbul/Sultanahmet-Old_City#See|the cathedral of the same name]] in Istanbul, this rectangular, red brick building built in typical Byzantine style, holds as much historical importance, if not more, as it’s the site of the seventh ecumenical council of Christianity (i.e. Second Council of Nicaea, in 787). Located in a pleasant small park, the edifice was converted to a mosque in the early days of Ottoman Empire, and after suffering from a fire during the turmoil of the 1920s, the place laid in a semi-ruinous state for more than eight decades. After the long-awaited restoration finally finished, it has been silently re-dedicated as a mosque by the current Islamist government in 2011, much to the dismay of architectural conservationists, tourism professionals, and many others, who hoped to see it turned into a museum in the fashion of Istanbul's Hagia Sophia. Free.

Green Mosque. Built in early 14th century, this mosque with its impressive minaret (tower) covered with green-turquoise-blue mosaics and tiles (that’s where the name of the mosque comes from) looks more like earlier Seljuk edifices rather than Ottoman mosques.

Museum, +90 (224) 220 99 26. As of May 2017 closed to visitors because of restoration works.. Housed inside Nilüfer Hatun imaret (a social security instution of the past which provided free food for the poor), built in 14th century. There are also some marble sarcographi, columns, and columnheads dating back to Roman and Byzantine times in its yard. 3 TL.

Esrefzade Mosque, Kılıçaslan Caddesi (in a side alley on the left side of the street when walking towards Lefke Gate from town square; not far from Green Mosque, only a couple streets in between. A neighbourhood mosque built in 2007 with an ancient minaret (tower; when it was constructed is not exactly known, but likely 16th century) decorated with green tiles, in a similar fashion with the one of the Green Mosque, except that the tiles of this one are far less showy than those of the Green Mosque. So, if you have just started your trip around the town and come across with this one first, don’t be disappointed and confuse it with Green Mosque.

City Walls. The town is still mostly enclosed by ancient walls, if partially a bit weary. You can also come across with some slowly crumbling towers here and there. Istanbul Gate (northern gate) and Lefke Gate (the eastern one) are more or less still completely intact and are quite beautiful. Just outside the Lefke Gate is an ancient aqueduct running for some hundreds of metres and eventually disappearing in the fields out of town.

Candarlioglu Mosque. A small mosque built in 1996. An ordinary building with nothing fascinating except that it’s mostly coated with blue/green tiles all over its exterior walls, making a quite pleasant sight. It’s directly on the street and a bit hidden from view by the surrounding multi-story buildings on both sides, so for not passing-by without noticing it, watch the left side of the street while walking.

Roman Amphitheatre. It's not open to the public as it is being excavated. The ruins can be seen partly from the road, and will be impressive when opened.

• Take a stroll in the park along the lakefront.
• Take a dip in the lake. In the summer months the water is usually calm and pleasant. There are several easily identified spots along the lakefront that are suitable for entering the lake.
• Every Wednesday there is a huge market in town in the market square, out east from the clock tower. Definitely worth a look to see what kind of delicious local fruit and veg are being grown in the area.

İznik has been well known for its local faience/tile (çini) and pottery tradition since 15th century.

Nowadays, designs range from classical/traditional to somewhat kitsch to avant-garde. You can see lots of tile and pottery workshops, which also double as showrooms for tiles painted on square ceramics and other products on sale, in alleys on both sides of Kılıçaslan Caddesi St, especially near the Green Mosque/the museum.

İznik Foundation has revived the art of tiles and pottery in the traditional 15th/16th century styles, as well as applying contemporary designs and motifs on tiles and tableware. In their showrooms, there is a large choice of tiles and household pottery such as bowls, dishware, and vases, hand-painted in the traditional İznik style. Most of the production is custom-made, for architectural purposes, interior decoration, and private demands.

The design department, headquarters, and export department of Iznik Foundation are in Istanbul where a larger collection of products from the Foundation workshops are displayed and sales take place.

• İznik Foundation, Sahil Yolu, Vakıf Sokak 13, +90 224 757-60-25.

İznik Foundation, Sahil Yolu, Vakıf Sokak 13, +90 224 757-60-25.

Most banks are on either Atatürk Caddesi or Kılıçaslan Caddesi, usually very near the town square. All are equipped with ATMs on their exterior walls.

• BİM, Atatürk Caddesi 108 (a few blocks north from Kılıçaslan Caddesi, in the direction of Istanbul Gate. 10AM-9PM. One of two İznik stores of national supermarket chain BİM, where you can find bottled water, soft drinks, and snacks on a discounted rate. No beer or wine. Credit cards are accepted.
• BİM, Mevlana Sokak 7 (on the 4th or 5th side alley to the left from the town square when walking east on Kılıçaslan Caddesi, towards Lefke Gate. Another BİM store in İznik.
• Dia, Atatürk Caddesi, Ateşoğlu İş Merkezi 101 (one block north of Kılıçaslan Caddesi, diagonally across from Hagia Sophia. A store of another national supermarket chain.
• Şok, Selçuk Sokak (just off Atatürk Caddesi, one block south of Kılıçaslan Caddesi, diagonally across from Hagia Sophia, +90 224 757 68 68, +90 224 444 10 44 (orders). A store of yet another national supermarket chain.

BİM, Atatürk Caddesi 108 (a few blocks north from Kılıçaslan Caddesi, in the direction of Istanbul Gate. 10AM-9PM. One of two İznik stores of national supermarket chain BİM, where you can find bottled water, soft drinks, and snacks on a discounted rate. No beer or wine. Credit cards are accepted.

BİM, Mevlana Sokak 7 (on the 4th or 5th side alley to the left from the town square when walking east on Kılıçaslan Caddesi, towards Lefke Gate. Another BİM store in İznik.

Dia, Atatürk Caddesi, Ateşoğlu İş Merkezi 101 (one block north of Kılıçaslan Caddesi, diagonally across from Hagia Sophia. A store of another national supermarket chain.

Şok, Selçuk Sokak (just off Atatürk Caddesi, one block south of Kılıçaslan Caddesi, diagonally across from Hagia Sophia, +90 224 757 68 68, +90 224 444 10 44 (orders). A store of yet another national supermarket chain.

• Köfteci Yusuf – İznik İmren, Atatürk Caddesi 73 (not far from town square; on the right side when walking towards Yenişehir Gate from the square, +90 224 757 35 97, +90 224 444 61 62 (order-out service paket servisi). This very clean restaurant, popular among the locals, serves reasonably priced meat-balls (köfte) in various styles, similar to Akçaabat Köftesi of Trabzon. A portion consists of 6 meat-balls and comes with an endless basket of toasted bread and barbecued green peppers. There is no written menu (list of dishes), but as usual in Turkey you can select and order-by-pointing from the display inside. Vegetarians may try çoban salatası (shepherd's salad), soğan ızgara (plain roasted onion slices), domates ve biber ızgara (roasted tomatoes and hot green peppers), and piyaz (bean salad), though vegans should be aware that the latter comes topped with some slices of boiled egg. The restaurant has an open-air terrace and a lovely open-air roof on the second floor. Efficient service. Prices: 4 TL a portion of meat-balls, 2 TL bean salad, soft drinks from 1 TL. A glass of Turkish tea upon finishing the meal is for free. Credit cards are accepted.
• Umut Restaurant, Göl Sahili Yolu (on the waterfront road about 500 m north of Kılıçaslan Caddesi, next to Cem Otel, +90 224 757 07 38. This is one of several fish restaurants on the lakefront, but unlike most of the others, it also serves beer and wine. The specialty is wels catfish (also called European catfish or sheatfish, Turkish yayın balığı; scientific name Silurus glanis), a tasty fish that is abundant in the lake, served grilled or fried. Another lake fish served is carp (Turkish sazan; scientific name Cyprinus carpio). Vegetarians can have a salad, various meze (appetizers) – although only some of these are vegetarian dishes, and various zeytinyağlılar (vegetables cooked with olive oil, typically served cold).
• Karcicegi, Kılıçaslan Cd, No.54 (on the road out west (towards the lake) from the clock tower; it's next to the post office and a bit further along than the police station, +90 224 7573213. Very friendly local restaurant service soups, salads, kebabs and pide for reasonable prices. Staff are very friendly and speak some English, food is simple yet tasty. Recommended if you're looking for good value. 10-20TL for a full meal.

Köfteci Yusuf – İznik İmren, Atatürk Caddesi 73 (not far from town square; on the right side when walking towards Yenişehir Gate from the square, +90 224 757 35 97, +90 224 444 61 62 (order-out service paket servisi). This very clean restaurant, popular among the locals, serves reasonably priced meat-balls (köfte) in various styles, similar to Akçaabat Köftesi of [[Trabzon]]. A portion consists of 6 meat-balls and comes with an endless basket of toasted bread and barbecued green peppers. There is no written menu (list of dishes), but as usual in Turkey you can select and order-by-pointing from the display inside. Vegetarians may try çoban salatası (shepherd's salad), soğan ızgara (plain roasted onion slices), domates ve biber ızgara (roasted tomatoes and hot green peppers), and piyaz (bean salad), though vegans should be aware that the latter comes topped with some slices of boiled egg. The restaurant has an open-air terrace and a lovely open-air roof on the second floor. Efficient service. Prices: 4 TL a portion of meat-balls, 2 TL bean salad, soft drinks from 1 TL. A glass of Turkish tea upon finishing the meal is for free. Credit cards are accepted.

Umut Restaurant, Göl Sahili Yolu (on the waterfront road about 500 m north of Kılıçaslan Caddesi, next to Cem Otel, +90 224 757 07 38. This is one of several fish restaurants on the lakefront, but unlike most of the others, it also serves beer and wine. The specialty is wels catfish (also called European catfish or sheatfish, Turkish yayın balığı; scientific name Silurus glanis), a tasty fish that is abundant in the lake, served grilled or fried. Another lake fish served is carp (Turkish sazan; scientific name Cyprinus carpio). Vegetarians can have a salad, various meze (appetizers) – although only some of these are vegetarian dishes, and various zeytinyağlılar (vegetables cooked with olive oil, typically served cold).

Karcicegi, Kılıçaslan Cd, No.54 (on the road out west (towards the lake) from the clock tower; it's next to the post office and a bit further along than the police station, +90 224 7573213. Very friendly local restaurant service soups, salads, kebabs and pide for reasonable prices. Staff are very friendly and speak some English, food is simple yet tasty. Recommended if you're looking for good value. 10-20TL for a full meal.

The telephone code of the town is (+90) 224.